Study: Diet-Related Inflammation Is Associated with Worse COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort. Image Credit: RomarioIen / Shutterstock
The current study, published in the journal Nutrients, explores the role of dietary patterns in COVID-19 infection rates and survival. It uses the Dietary Inflammatory Index in association with measures of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. The omega-3 fatty acids are anti-inflammatory in their effect, for instance, because they encourage the anti-inflammatory lipo-oxygenase rather than the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, which is pro-inflammatory. These fatty acids also give rise to an array of other molecules that regulate acute inflammation and immune responses, which are essential to combat the infection and trigger the adaptive immune response.
What did the study show? There were 1270 COVID-19 cases with severe disease in this group of ~200,000, with 315 deaths. The DII scores fell between -4.3 and 3.4, vs. E-DII between -4.9 and 3.3. The medians were -0.4 and -0.5, respectively. Both were linked to a risk increase for severe COVID-19 by ~40% in the top quintile vs. the lowest. Neither was significantly linked to COVID-19-related deaths, however, most probably because of the low numbers in this scenario. Other factors, such as racial, ethnic, sleep history, and a history of heart disease, did not affect these associations with COVID-19 incidence or severity.
Other studies have shown that diets with lower inflammatory scores reduce the risk of COVID-19 by 10% to 20%, with the Mediterranean diet profile consistently showing an inverse association with this outcome.
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Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical ActivityBackground Insufficient sleep has been associated with weight gain and metabolic dysregulation, with one suggested mechanism being through reduction in diet quality. Experimental evidence supports a causal effect of sleep timings on diet but this may not be applicable to a free-living adolescent population. In this analysis we use daily measures of sleep timings and diet quality, to examine the effect of sleep duration and timing on diet quality the following day among free-living adolescents. Methods The ROOTS study is a prospective cohort recruited from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk (UK). Participants (n = 815) at mean age 15.0y (SD 0.3y) completed a diet diary and wore a combined heart rate and accelerometer device over 4 consecutive days. Sleep duration and timing (midpoint) were derived from acceleration and heart rate traces, while daily energy density and fruit and vegetable intake were calculated from dietary data. Analyses were performed at day-level (1815 person-days). Multilevel random effects models were used to test associations between sleep each night and subsequent day diet, with daily sleep and diet measures nested within individuals and schools, and adjusted for day-level and individual-level confounding variables. Results Adolescents slept a mean of 7.88 hrs (SD 1.10) per night, reporting a mean energy density of 2.12 kcal/g (SD 0.48) and median energy-adjusted daily fruit and vegetable intake of 137.3 g (IQR 130.4). One hour shorter sleep duration was associated with lower intake of fruit and vegetables (-6.42 g, 95%CI -1.84, -10.99) the following day. An association with higher dietary energy density (0.016 kcal/g, 95%CI 0.034, -0.002) the following day was observed but did not reach statistical significance. Sleep timing was not associated with either fruit and vegetable intake (-2.52 g/d, 95%CI -7.66, 2.62) or dietary energy density (-0.001 kcal/g, 95%CI -0.022, 0.020). Conclusions Our observational findings from a free-livin
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Potential molecular mechanisms of chronic fatigue in long haul COVID and other viral diseases - Infectious Agents and CancerHistorically, COVID-19 emerges as one of the most devastating diseases of humankind, which creates an unmanageable health crisis worldwide. Until now, this disease costs millions of lives and continues to paralyze human civilization's economy and social growth, leaving an enduring damage that will take an exceptionally long time to repair. While a majority of infected patients survive after mild to moderate reactions after two to six weeks, a growing population of patients suffers for months with severe and prolonged symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety. These patients are no less than 10% of total COVID-19 infected individuals with distinctive chronic clinical symptomatology, collectively termed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or more commonly long-haul COVID. Interestingly, Long-haul COVID and many debilitating viral diseases display a similar range of clinical symptoms of muscle fatigue, dizziness, depression, and chronic inflammation. In our current hypothesis-driven review article, we attempt to discuss the molecular mechanism of muscle fatigue in long-haul COVID, and other viral diseases as caused by HHV6, Powassan, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HIV. We also discuss the pathological resemblance of virus-triggered muscle fatigue with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Graphical Abstract
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »
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