How do cattle impact human vector-borne disease risk?

Study: Effects of cattle on vector-borne disease risk to humans: A systematic review. Image Credit: smereka / Shutterstock

In the current systematic review, scientists have explored whether cattle increase or decrease the risk of human exposure to vector-borne diseases. A total of seven mechanisms were identified in the review by which cattle can impact the risk of human exposure to vector-borne diseases.Cattle can have protective effects against vector-borne diseases and can act as an alternative host when disease-carrying vectors prefer to feed on cattle instead of humans. This beneficial effect from cattle is called the zoo-prophylactic effect. Among studies selected in this review, 16 reported this mechanism.

This mechanism was found in six selected studies, indicating that cattle may have protective or harmful effects depending on the ecological attributes of vectors. Cattle can act as an incompetent reservoir host for specific pathogens, such as the Japanese encephalitis virus. These pathogens cannot survive longer inside cattle bodies; thus, the presence of cattle provides a protective effect against such infections.

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