]. Discrepancies in the findings and methodological limitations of individual studies in the literature, in addition to inconsistencies in the results of previous meta-analyses warrant the need for a comprehensive meta-analysis evaluating these relationships. Contrary to previous meta-analyses, only studies with vitamin D supplementation were included to isolate the potential effect of vitamin D independently, while studies with co-supplementation were excluded.
]. Since the present study utilized data from previously published studies, no patient consent or ethical approval was required. The protocol of this study was registered to Prospero online database .A comprehensive search of online electronic databases from the inception of each database until January 1, 2021 was completed. The databases included PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials .
The exclusion criteria were: letters, comments, short communications, meta-analyses, reviews, abstracts, or animal studies, incomplete reporting of necessary data, interventions with co-supplementation, follow-up less than two months, populations with type 1 diabetes, high-risk population of diabetes, pre-diabetic, gestational diabetes, post-partum diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy.Two reviewers independently screened studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
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Dysbiotic microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients is linked to lifestyles and metabolic diseases - BMC MicrobiologyBackground Differences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities among individuals are influenced by environmental factors. However, there is limited research on factors affecting microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients, who display lower inter-individual variations than that of healthy individuals. In this study, we examined the association between modifiable factors and the microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients. Methods A total of 331 colorectal cancer patients who underwent resection surgery at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital between October 2017 and August 2019 were included. Fecal samples from colorectal cancer patients were collected prior to the surgery. Variations in the gut microbiome among patients with different lifestyles and metabolic diseases were examined through the network analysis of inter-connected microbial abundance, the assessment of the Anna Karenina principle effect for microbial stochasticity, and the identification of the enriched bacteria using linear discrimination analysis effect size. Associations of dietary diversity with microbiome variation were investigated using the Procrustes analysis. Results We found stronger network connectivity of microbial communities in non-smokers, non-drinkers, obese individuals, hypertensive subjects, and individuals without diabetes than in their counterparts. The Anna Karenina principle effect was found for history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (with significantly greater intra-sample similarity index), whereas obesity and hypertension showed the anti-Anna Karenina principle effect (with significantly lower intra-sample similarity index). We found certain bacterial taxa to be significantly enriched in patients of different categories of lifestyles and metabolic diseases using linear discrimination analysis. Diversity of food and nutrient intake did not shape the microbial diversity between individuals (pProcrus
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »
Clinical outcomes of pediatric osteomyelitis - BMC PediatricsBackground Osteomyelitis in children may produce severe sequelae. However, the frequency and distribution of such complications by type of osteomyelitis (chronic or acute) is not well described. Methods We searched the HealthFacts® database (containing medical information on 68 million individual patients in the United States) with 238 International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10 codes for acute osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis appearing in 2015. Outcomes were recorded for each subject, including development of limb length discrepancies, pathologic fractures, mortality, and need for multiple surgeries or prolonged orthopedic care (one to two years following diagnosis). Gender, age and season of diagnosis were also assessed. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between categorical variables, and t-tests between continuous variables. Results Eight hundred sixty-nine subjects were included (57.4% male). Children with chronic osteomyelitis were older than those with acute osteomyelitis (median 9.5 years vs 12.0, respectively, p = .0004). Diagnoses were more common in winter (p = .0003). Four subjects died while hospitalized during the study period (two with acute osteomyelitis, two with chronic osteomyelitis). Limb length discrepancies were rare and similarly distributed between infection types (≤ 1.3% of subjects, p = .83). Subjects with chronic osteomyeltis were more likely to require long-term orthopedic follow-up (14.0% vs. 4.8% for acute osteomyelitis, p | .0001), suffer from pathologic fractures (1.5% vs | 1.0%, p = .003) and to require multiple surgeries (46.0% vs. 29.3%, p = .04). Conclusions Though infrequent, serious outcomes from osteomyelitis are more common with chronic osteomyelitis than acute osteomyelitis.
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »
Sleep characteristics of middle-aged adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: findings from the Shahrekord PERSIAN cohort study - BMC Public HealthBackground Several studies have reported short sleep duration in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but other sleep characteristics have been less studied. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional association of NAFLD with sleep duration and quality in an Iranian population sample. Methods We used data from 9,151 participants in the Shahrekord Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Cohort Study, including 1,320 that were diagnosed with NAFLD. Log-binomial regression models sequentially adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical and biological variables were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between NAFLD and sleep characteristics. Results Participants with NAFLD had shorter sleep duration, later wake-up time and bedtime, worse sleep efficiency, and more frequent daytime napping and use of sleeping pills, in age- and sex-adjusted models. After controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical, and biological variables the associations remained strong for sleep efficiency (per 10%, RR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.88–0.96) and use of sleeping pills (RR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.17–1.88). The association between NAFLD and sleep efficiency was stronger in participants aged | 60 years (RR = 0.81, 0.70–0.93) and 40–60 years (RR = 0.87, 0.82–0.94), compared with those aged | 40 years (P-heterogeneity | 0.001). More frequent daytime napping in participants with NAFLD, compared with non-NAFLD, was observed in males but not females (P-heterogeneity = 0.007), and in those with body mass index (BMI) | 30 but not in obese participants (P-heterogeneity | 0.001). Conclusions Diagnosis of NAFLD is associated with several poor sleep characteristics in middle-aged Iranians. Although longitudinal studies would help to clarify the direction of causality, our study shows that poor sleep is an important aspect of NAFLD.
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Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study - BMC MedicineBackground Numerous intrauterine factors may affect the offspring’s growth during childhood. We aimed to explore if maternal and paternal prenatal lipid, apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 levels are associated with offspring weight, length, and body mass index from 6 weeks to eight years of age. This has previously been studied to a limited extent. Methods This parental negative control study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included 713 mothers and fathers with or without self-reported hypercholesterolemia and their offspring. Seven parental metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and offspring weight and length were measured at 12 time points. Data were analyzed by linear spline mixed models, and the results are presented as the interaction between parental metabolite levels and offspring spline (age). Results Higher maternal total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with a larger increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.03 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.04). Paternal TC level was not associated with change in offspring body weight (0.17 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.25). Higher maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.001 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.005). Higher paternal HDL-C and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 5 years of age but a larger increase in offspring body weight from 5 to 8 years of age (0.01 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.03). Parental metabolites were not associated with change in offspring height or body mass index up to 8 years of age (0.07 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.99). Conclusions Maternal compared to paternal TC, HDL-C, and apoA1 levels were more strongly and consistently associated with offspring body weight during childhood, supporting a direct intrauterine effect.
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »