Type 2 diabetes linked to higher cancer risk, especially with diabetic retinopathy, study finds

By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDJun 2 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of multiple health conditions, including various forms of cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for this association remain unclear.

Diabetes and cancer Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Large epidemiological studies have indicated a higher risk of liver, pancreas, uterus, colon and rectum, breast, and bladder cancers in individuals with diabetes. About the study The current retrospective study involved analyzing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database , the Taiwan Cancer Registry , and the National Death Registry of Taiwan between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018.

Diabetes and cancer risk Total cancer incidence increased by 20% in patients with diabetes, with the highest risk increase observed for liver and pancreas cancers, followed by cancers of the oral cavity, gallbladder, female reproductive tract, kidney, and brain. This increase in risk ranged from 25-34%, except for kidney cancers, where the risk was 44% higher.

The inverse association of hyperlipidemia with cancer might be due to the increased risk of early cardiovascular mortality; however, a direct anti-cancer effect of high cholesterol levels is also possible. Among those with DR, the risk was 13% higher in those with PDR than those with NPDR. Stomach, liver, female organs, and urinary tract cancers were more common in patients with PDR as compared to those with NPDR. Similarly, males were at a 25% greater risk than females.

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