A gut bacteria could hold the key to universal blood, revolutionizing transfusion medicine

By Tarun Sai LomteMay 1 2024Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology showed that exoglycosidases from Akkermansia muciniphila, a gut symbiont, can target blood group antigens to produce ABO-universal blood.

The A antigens can be extended to yield galactose -A and H type 3 structures. Additional extension of H type 3 yields A type 3 antigen. Besides, an extended B antigen was reported in 2019. The relevance of extended antigens for ECO blood compatibility is unknown, with no available exoglycosidases targeting the extensions.

The α-galactosidase activity was established for AmGH36C, AmGH110A, and AmGH27. AmGH110A showed activity against the B type 2 hexasaccharide. Next, the team assessed the B antigen conversion on RBCs by AmGH36C, AmGH110A, AmGH27, or AmGH36A in the conversion buffer . Related StoriesThus, a one-pot or sequential treatment with AmGH110A and AmGH20A was essential for depleting B and ExtB antigens. Next, the researchers selected two GH109, i.e., AmGH109A and AmGH109B, for converting A and A type 3 antigens. Besides, AmGH36A was selected. AmGH36A and AmGH109A/B were tested on A1 and A2 RBCs from three donors in the conversion buffer.

Sequential treating A1 RBCs with AmGH36A, AmGH95B, and AmGH35A exposed additional A epitopes, warranting a second AmGH36A treatment to produce A-negative RBCs. Further, the team found that removing both B and ExtB antigens from donor RBCs significantly reduced the mean reactivity with group O plasmas.

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