By Dr. Chinta SidharthanApr 10 2024Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. In a recent scientific report published in the European Food Safety Authority journal, a large team of researchers from the EFSA and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control discussed the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers for a potential pandemic due to evolved avian influenza viruses, and risk mitigation measures that are part of the One Health approach.
Although cases of transmission of these viruses from birds to humans have not been widely reported, the evolution of avian influenza viruses and the dispersal of the virus through migratory wild birds could result in the selection of viruses that can infect humans. Viral characteristics such as the reassortment propensity can drive the avian influenza virus to adapt to mammalian hosts. The hemagglutinin 5 neuraminidase 1 or avian influenza A virus, which contains the 2.3.4.4b clade that is currently circulating, has displayed evolutionary changes that could allow it to infect mammals and reassort.
Habitat destruction, extreme climatic events, and weather conditions can also impact the demography and ecology of these wild bird populations, acting as extrinsic drivers of the evolution of the avian influenza virus.
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