By Dr. Chinta SidharthanMar 9 2023Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, researchers identified that individuals with a deficiency of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 due to an autosomal recessive condition were highly susceptible to developing hypoxemic coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .
Studies have found that critical COVID-19 pneumonia was linked to errors in toll-like receptor 3 and TLR7-dependant type I interferon immunity and autosomal recessive deficiency of interferon regulatory factor 7 and interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 . X-linked recessive deficiency of TLR-7 was also linked to hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in a small percentage of men below 60 years of age and boys below the age of 16.
Data on chest imaging, clinical outcomes, family history, and other risk factors were obtained through patient surveys. Culture results and chest x-rays were recorded in case of concomitant infections.
Results The results reported that unvaccinated individuals with autosomal or X-linked deficiencies IRAK-4 and MyD88 were at a greater risk of developing hypoxemic pneumonia during SARS-CoV-2 infections than individuals of the same age without these genetic deficiencies. These deficiencies were identified as recessive and not co-dominant since heterozygous relatives were not at the same risk of developing hypoxemic pneumonia.
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