]. Findings were further confirmed in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether vitamin D supplementation improved overall survival or relapse-free survival in the total study population or in relation to stage, pathology, or serum levels of 25D before vitamin D supplementation of 1200 IU for 12 months. Supplementation did not improve OS in the total studied population.
. Nonetheless, in recent studies, it has been shown that treatment such as Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody which binds to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 can be affected by vitamin D concentrations prompting the suggestion to evaluate vitamin D levels prior to treatment [Acute lung injury and Acute respiratory distress syndrome remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients worldwide.
]. To date, no known therapy has proven to be beneficial in ALI/ARDS patients. Recent evidence shows an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased adverse outcomes in patients who develop ALI/ARDS. In a study by Dancer et al]. Moreover, in a mouse model of ARDS, dietary-induced vitamin D deficiency resulted in hypoxia, epithelial damage, and alveolar inflammation.
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