Male and female Schistosomes. Credit: Alaa. Source: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Couple_of_Schistosoma_mansoni.jpgGenomic surveillance is commonly used to track viral and bacterial pathogens, such as identifying new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and linking outbreaks of food-borne disease back to particular products and geographic areas.
These threats – the contributions of non-human definitive host species to human infection and the importance of locally-acquired versus imported infections – are key to understanding the contexts in which MDA is sufficient and when additional interventions are necessary. We argue that MDA programs are likely to be sufficient only when infections are found primarily in people and are acquired locally .
Despite the widespread adoption of MSATs and mtDNA/rDNA markers in genetic studies of schistosomes, they are limited in the information they can provide. MSAT studies can identify approximate patterns of relatedness but because they often include just a few small sections of non-coding DNA , they do not reveal much about how parasites are adapting to their environments. It is also difficult to replicate and compare MSAT analyses across laboratories.
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