or at the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Suite 301, Boston, MA 02114.The authors’ full names and academic degrees are as follows: Steven J. Russell, M.D., Ph.D., Roy W. Beck, M.D., Ph.D., Edward R. Damiano, Ph.D., Firas H. El-Khatib, Ph.D., Katrina J. Ruedy, M.S.P.H., Courtney A. Balliro, R.N., C.D.C.E.S., C.R.N.-B.C., Zoey Li, M.S., Peter Calhoun, Ph.D., R. Paul Wadwa, M.D., Bruce Buckingham, M.D., Keren Zhou, M.D., Mark Daniels, M.D.
The authors’ affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital , and Boston University , Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord — all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa , and Nemours Children’s Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville — both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora ; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto , Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange , and the University...
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Loneliness increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 20 year follow-up – results from the HUNT study - DiabetologiaAims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally and its incidence has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Recent research suggests that loneliness is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes. This 20 year follow-up study examined whether loneliness is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. As both loneliness and type 2 diabetes have been linked to depression and sleep problems, we also investigated whether any association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes is mediated by symptoms of depression and insomnia. Methods We used data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT study), a large longitudinal health study based on a population from central Norway (n=24,024). Self-reports of loneliness (HUNT2 survey, 1995–1997) and data on HbA1c levels (HUNT4 survey, 2017–2019) were analysed to evaluate the associations between loneliness and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Associations were reported as ORs with 95% CIs, adjusted for sex, age and education. We further investigated the role of depression and insomnia as potential mediating factors. Results During the 20 year follow-up period, 4.9% of the study participants developed type 2 diabetes. Various degrees of feeling lonely were reported by 12.6% of the participants. Individuals who felt most lonely had a twofold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes relative to those who did not feel lonely (adjusted OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.16, 4.15]). The effect of loneliness on type 2 diabetes was weakly mediated by one subtype of insomnia but not by symptoms of depression. Conclusions/interpretation This study suggests that loneliness may be one factor that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes; however, there is no strong support that the effect of loneliness on type 2 diabetes is mediated by depression or insomnia. We recommend that loneliness should be included in clinical guidelines on consultations and interventions related to type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract
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Effects of Vaccination and Previous Infection on Omicron Infections in Children | NEJMCorrespondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Effects of Vaccination and Previous Infection on Omicron Infections in Children
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