According to the reports published by journal Nature, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, who discovered the first extrasolar planet orbiting a Sun-like star, share award with theoretical cosmologist James Peebles; and William Kaelin, Peter Ratcliffe and Gregg Semenza share the award for discoveries that are crucial for understanding diseases such as cancer.
James Peebles, who is at Princeton University in New Jersey, developed a theoretical framework that the Nobel Committee said forms “the foundation of our modern understanding of the Universe’s history, from the Big Bang to the present day”. Their work has helped researchers to understand how the body adapts to low oxygen levels by, for example, cranking out red blood cells and growing new blood vessels.
Meanwhile, a cancer biologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Celeste Simon, said: “This is a fundamental discovery that they’ve contributed to. All organisms need oxygen, so it’s really important.”A physiologist at the University of Cambridge, UK, and the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and a member of the Nobel Assembly, Randall Johnson, said: “The field really coalesced around this discovery, which was dependent on each one of their findings.
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