Health issues with earlier menarcheCurrent research findings Early menarche Menarche is the onset of physiological events culminating in reproductive capability in females, as demonstrated by menstruation. It is among the later events of puberty.
With early menarche, premature closure of the epiphyses occurs, leading to stunting of height.3 Menarche before 12 years was linked to an increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia in adulthood, resulting in a higher prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes in women. The risk of metabolic syndrome – a cluster of four conditions: obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance – was increased by 50%.
Chronic psychosocial problems associated with early menarche may include anxiety and depression, drug abuse, bulimia, bullying, smoking, and suicidal behavior during adolescence.3 Premature menopause is more likely with early menarche. Mechanisms of ill-health with early menarche In the large Korean study mentioned above, early menarche was reported in half the sample, yet lower health and well-being levels were predicted. This is mirrored in other countries where early menarche occurs in 6% to 25% of girls.4 Obvious body changes do not appear to mediate these associations.
Adverse cardiovascular impacts with early menarche may be selective in occurrence, possibly related to a higher BMI at younger ages.2 The link to depression and anxiety also requires validation studies.
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