Risk factors for muscle cramps can include heat, older age, deconditioning of the muscles, pregnancy and certain medical problems like diabetes. A muscle cramp is an unexpected tightening or contraction of one or more muscles in the body. These involuntary episodes can be quite painful as the muscle contracts and is unable to relax. They may last for a few seconds to a few minutes or even longer.
While muscle cramps are not harmful, other additional severe symptoms of heat illness such as fatigue, vomiting, dizziness, headache, high fever and shortness of breath are signs of heat exhaustion that require immediate medical attention. Babies and young children as well as adults who are over 65 years old, have high blood pressure or heart concerns or take certain medications are at a greater risk of developing heat-related illness.
Staying well-hydrated, especially when working or exercising in the heat for extended time periods, is important for preventing muscle cramps and preventing heat-related illness. While water is the best choice for hydration, electrolyte beverages or mixes can help replace minerals lost through sweating. Look for electrolyte hydration products without added sugar. Other good options for hydration include coconut water and broth.