High-fat diet accelerates aging-related memory loss in rats

By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDMay 5 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent study published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging determines whether a high-fat diet contributes to memory decline in older people compared to aging alone.

Neuroinflammation is another result of obesity and has been associated with both neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. A high-fat diet has been experimentally demonstrated to produce inflammatory neuronal injury within one week of exposure, even before obesity results arise. Excessive microglia activity is associated with a specific adverse impact on cognitive function in aged individuals on a high-fat diet that is not observed in the corresponding group of young individuals. These effects could be responsible for the increased vulnerability of older adults to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits.

To this end, accelerated weight gain in rats consuming HFSD was observed compared to those on a regular diet, with aged rats exhibiting a significant difference within two weeks compared to six weeks for young rats fed HFSD. The fat mass increase was also more significant among aged rats than among young rats; however, both groups exhibited higher fat mass by eight weeks.

Recognition memory, or the ability to differentiate new from familiar objects, worsened with both aging and consumption of an HFSD; however, HFSD did not worsen the effect of aging. Interestingly, there was no evidence of a pro-inflammatory response.

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