Receive email when new articles are published onThanks to decades of successful vector control strategies, vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease has significantly decreased in many regions. Oral ingestion ofthrough contaminated food and beverages, however, is increasing.
Mexico and regions of Central America have little to no information on oral transmission, but it is likely occurring, and cases may be going undetected in the region, said Beatty. Roberto Chuit, MD, PhD, a doctor in public health and an external consultant for the Pan American Health Organization , agreed that this route of food contamination, which occurs because of vector-borne parasites, was until recently masked or hidden by the predominance of vector presence. Just as it began to gain importance as other transmission routes were controlled, "it now has extremely high importance in the Americas, as does vertical transmission," he said.
Other notable systemic symptoms include edema of the lower extremities, myalgia, generalized lymphadenopathy, abdominal discomfort, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, headache, chest pain, cutaneous erythematous rash, jaundice, arthralgia, epistaxis, hematemesis, melena, and palpitations.
Epidemiology is important, especially when Chagas disease is diagnosed in groups or a family, because they are usually not isolated cases but outbreaks of 3-40 cases, according to Chuit. "Under these conditions, it must be quickly considered…that this parasite may be involved." "Not all cases will present as severe, because depending on the inoculum, there may be individuals with subclinical situations. But any
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