Both major surgery and cancer increase the risk for venous thromboembolism, which can lead to severe illness and death. Research showed that approximately 2% of patients who have cancer surgery experience clinically significant venous thromboembolism, which accounts for about half of the deaths that occur immediately after surgery.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Association of Urology guidelines recommend an extended 28-day prophylaxis for patients undergoing cancer surgery. These guidelines also provide specific estimates of the excess risk for thromboembolic events for each disease. This retrospective study included data on 432,218 patients from Swedish nationwide registers who underwent major surgery for eight types of cancer from 1998 to 2016.
The researchers matched the patients with 4,009,343 cancer-free individuals from the general population in a 1:10 ratio.
The temporal trends showed that the risk for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis peaked immediately after surgery and plateaued within 120 days for most cancers. At 30 days after surgery, the risk for pulmonary embolism following cancer surgery was 10- to 30-fold times higher than with no surgery for all cancers aside fromThe risk for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis remained significant at 1 year for all cancer types, except prostate.
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