This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The study included 26,369 participants from the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. UPF consumption was estimated using the NOVA classification system. Incident CVD was defined as a hospital admission or death through registers. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations of UPF intake with risks of CVD.
Linear regression models were used to identify the plasma proteins associated with UPF intake. During the median follow-up of 24.6 years, 6236 participants developed CVD
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