A 1904 painting by Kobayashi Kiyochika depicts a scene from the First Sino-Japanese war with sailors crippled by beriberi disease. Investigations into the source of beriberi ultimately attributed the illness to a diet heavy on white rice, which was deficient in Vitamin B.
The discovery of vitamins sent a shockwave through the scientific community, suggesting that diseases might be caused by nutritional deficiencies—and cured by adequate amounts of the newly discovered compounds. “A monotonous diet ought to be avoided,” Funk declared. The “e” used in Funk’s new term was eventually dropped after scientists recognized that not all the compounds were nitrogen-containing amines. But the custom of naming vitamins alphabetically in order of discovery continued. Today, four fat-soluble vitamins and nine water-soluble vitamins (Vitamin C and the eight B vitamins—B1 , B2 , B3 , B5 , B6 , B7 , B9 , and B12 —are considered essential to human growth and health.
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