By Neha MathurNov 1 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent article featured in Nature Communications, researchers aimed to identify dependable protein biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the short- and long-term disease trajectory of multiple sclerosis by utilizing proximity-extension assay in tandem with next-generation sequencing technology.
Consequently, fluctuations in protein levels within the plasma and CSF might serve as credible biomarkers for MS diagnosis, monitoring disease activity, and tracking the progression of neurological disability. Study design and methodology The current study focused on two Swedish cohorts: 143 MS patients and 43 healthy controls. These cohorts, named the discovery and replication cohorts, supplied paired CSF and plasma samples from two different hospitals: Linköping and Karolinska University.
The DEA revealed 52 differentially expressed proteins in the discovery cohort, 40 of which were similarly expressed in the replication cohort. Notably, all protein expression levels were higher in MS patients than in the controls. Results Of the 52 DEPs identified in the discovery cohort's CSF, NfL and interleukin-18 exhibited the most robust correlation. Even after two years, lower NfL levels in the CSF accurately predicted the absence of disease activity.
Given the inclusion of a replication cohort for results validation, the linear regression model could distinguish between MS patients with varying likelihoods of a high nARMSS score. Therefore, protein biomarkers emerge as potential predictive tools to discern different clinical trajectories in MS.
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