By Neha MathurOct 22 2023Reviewed by Sophia Coveney In a recent article published in the journal Nutrients, researchers estimated the association of coffee consumption and genetic predisposition to caffeine metabolism on kidney function.
Experimental studies using animal models have cited that caffeine consumption increases renal vascular resistance and proteinuria, leading to kidney failure. Previous GWASs conducted among human subjects of European descent have shown cytochrome P450 1A2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor genes are linked to caffeine metabolism. CYP1A2 metabolizes more than 95% of caffeine in humans, and the AHR regulates its expression.
Finally, they pooled estimates for both genetic instruments using the random effects inverse-variance weighted method to derive Wald ratios with the MR standard errors. Conversely, a higher genetic predisposition to caffeine intake exerted a protective effect on kidney function. It increased eGFR and lowered the risk of CKD. According to the authors, the observed discrepancy is likely attributable to fast metabolizers of caffeine requiring a greater caffeine intake to achieve the same psychostimulant effect as slow metabolizers.
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