Confocal images taken for the ex vivo permeability studies in which intestinal biopsies were incubated with 1 μm bacterium-sized fluorescent red beads. a) Six years after treatment for anal cancer. The low-dose biopsy has mucosal layers that are able to maintain separation of the beads from the epithelial surface with mucus. In the high-dose biopsy , the mucosal layers are absent, and the beads are in direct contact with the surface. b) Fourteen years after treatment for ovarian cancer.
The study is based on samples from 28 people, including 24 cancer survivors. Four of the subjects had not undergone radiotherapy and served as a control group. Among the subjects, the shortest time since radiotherapy was two years and the longest time was twenty years. The median was five years between the end of radiotherapy and intestinal biopsy.
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