] heavy . Regular physical activity was defined as moderate physical activity for more than 30 min and more than 5 days per week during the past week. Body mass index was calculated using weight divided by height in meters squared . Comorbidities were defined as having both ICD-10 codes and prescription of relevant medication.
T2DM patients were categorized considering T2DM status; the duration of T2DM , the number of antidiabetic agents used , and use of insulin.Primary endpoints of this study are newly diagnosed MI, ischemic stroke, and death. Newly diagnosed MI and ischemic stroke were identified on the basis of the ICD-10 code for MI and ischemic stroke , respectively. Mortality data were obtained from Statics Korea including the cause of death MI mortality and ischemic stroke mortality .
The final model was adjusted for age, sex, income, area of residence, alcohol consumption, duration of smoking, regular physical activity, body mass index, comorbidities , fasting glucose level, the number of oral antidiabetic agents used, and insulin use. Stratification analyses by smoking levels at the first examination , age and sex were performed to see the different association of smoking behavior change with incidence of MI, ischemic stroke, and death.
There were 6,514 cases of MI , 7,837 cases of ischemic stroke , and 14,932 deaths during median follow-up of 5.1 years. Quitters had a significantly decreased risk of MI and ischemic stroke compared to sustainers. The absolute risk difference among quitters was − 0.38 for MI, corresponding to a number needed to treat of about 2.6. For ischemic stroke, the absolute risk difference was − 0.46 , with an NNT of about 2.2.
Table 2 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and mortality according to smoking behavior changeRegarding mortality, quitters also had a lower all-cause mortality , MI mortality , and ischemic stroke mortality than sustainers. Reducers had an increased risk of all-cause mortality and did not have a significant association with MI mortality and ischemic stroke mortality compared to sustainers.
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