]. A comprehensive and systematic review is needed to better identify whether potentially modifiable risk factors in childhood, including clinical conditions/measures ; health behaviours ; and socio-economic factors predict incident CKD in adulthood.
To fill this research gap, we aimed to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on associations between childhood modifiable risk factors and CKD in adulthood including surrogate markers of CKD.A systematic hand literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for articles published prior to 4March 2021. The update was conducted to May 6, 2022. The search strategy was implemented by the research team.
Eligibility criteria for included studies were as follows: the study was a population-based longitudinal study; the exposures of interest were measured in childhood and included potentially modifiable risk factors : clinical conditions/measures ; health behaviours ; and SEP; the outcomes of interest were diagnosed or evaluated in adulthood , and included dichotomous outcomes of the onset of CKD , presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function ; or continuous outcome values of urinary...
The initial screening was performed by one reviewer by assessing the titles, abstracts and keywords and was set to be relatively broad to retain as many relevant studies as possible. Two reviewers then independently screened full-text articles identified from the initial screening to ensure all inclusion criteria were met. 600 records were randomly selected for the third reviewer to check the consistency. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 1.00.
Methodological quality of included studies was independently assessed by three reviewers using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale [] . Assessment of methodological quality involved three aspects: participants selection and exposure measurement, cohort comparability based on study design or analysis, and outcomes assessment and follow-up adequacy. Studies were scored by three authors with grades from 0 to 9, with 0–3 as poor quality, 4–6 as fair quality, 7–9 as high quality.
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Wildfire smoke exposure and early childhood respiratory health: a study of prescription claims data - Environmental HealthWildfire smoke is associated with short-term respiratory outcomes including asthma exacerbation in children. As investigations into developmental wildfire smoke exposure on children’s longer-term respiratory health are sparse, we investigated associations between developmental wildfire smoke exposure and first use of respiratory medications. Prescription claims from IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database were linked with wildfire smoke plume data from NASA satellites based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). A retrospective cohort of live infants (2010–2016) born into MSAs in six western states (U.S.A.), having prescription insurance, and whose birthdate was estimable from claims data was constructed (N = 184,703); of these, gestational age was estimated for 113,154 infants. The residential MSA, gestational age, and birthdate were used to estimate average weekly smoke exposure days (smoke-day) for each developmental period: three trimesters, and two sequential 12-week periods post-birth. Medications treating respiratory tract inflammation were classified using active ingredient and mode of administration into three categories:: 'upper respiratory', 'lower respiratory', 'systemic anti-inflammatory'. To evaluate associations between wildfire smoke exposure and medication usage, Cox models associating smoke-days with first observed prescription of each medication category were adjusted for infant sex, birth-season, and birthyear with a random intercept for MSA. Smoke exposure during postnatal periods was associated with earlier first use of upper respiratory medications (1–12 weeks: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.094 per 1-day increase in average weekly smoke-day, 95%CI: (1.005,1.191); 13–24 weeks: HR = 1.108, 95%CI: (1.016,1.209)). Protective associations were observed during gestational windows for both lower respiratory and systemic anti-inflammatory medications; it is possible that these associations may be a consequence of live-birth bias. These findi
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Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 intra-household child-to-parent transmission associated with ventilation: results from a case–control study - BMC Public HealthPurpose Our objective was to describe circumstances of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission and to identify factors associated with a lower risk of transmission in a nationwide case–control study in France. Methods In a descriptive analysis, we analysed cases reporting transmission from someone in the household (source case). Index cases could invite a non-infected household member to participate as a related control. In such situations, we compared the exposures of the index case and related control to the source case by conditional logistic regression matched for household, restricted to households in which the source case was a child, and the index case and related control were the infected child’s parents. Results From October 27, 2020 to May 16, 2022, we included 104 373 cases for the descriptive analysis with a documented infection from another household member. The source case was mostly the index case’s child (46.9%) or partner (45.7%). In total, 1026 index cases invited a related control to participate in the study. In the case–control analysis, we included 611 parental pairs of cases and controls exposed to the same infected child. COVID-19 vaccination with 3 + doses versus no vaccination (OR 0.1, 95%CI: 0.04–0.4), isolation from the source case (OR 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.97) and the ventilation of indoor areas (OR 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.9) were associated with lower risk of infection. Conclusion Household transmission was common during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France. Mitigation strategies, including isolation and ventilation, decreased the risk of secondary transmission within the household. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04607941.
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