By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Jun 28 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Determining the overall disease burden among the youth and young adults is imperative.
Background CVDs inflict significant social and economic impacts. According to the Global Burden Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study data, the total number of CVD cases and DALY have substantially increased worldwide between 1990 and 2019. More specifically, an increased prevalence of rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis has been observed in individuals between 20 and 29 years of age.
Based on the GBD data, the prevalence of DALY and mortality rate due to CVDs in youths have significantly decreased in the EU Member States between 1990 and 2019. However, this finding cannot be generalized to other countries worldwide. Study findings The age-standardized DALY and mortality rate of overall CVDs decreased in the study period. In contrast, an increase in the prevalence and incidence of CVDs was observed in the targeted group worldwide.
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The value of pre-symptomatic genetic risk assessment for age-related macular degeneration: the Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study—a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - TrialsBackground Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can help determine an individual’s future susceptibility. However, such testing has been discouraged until evidence shows that providing such information to symptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals will alter their disease course. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate whether knowledge of AMD risk could stimulate the adoption of a healthier lifestyle that could lower the incidence of AMD later in life. We hypothesize that pre-symptomatic individuals informed of a high genetic risk of AMD are more likely to make quantifiable, positive lifestyle changes relative to participants informed of lower genetic risk or randomized to deferred disclosure of genetic testing results. Methods The Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study is a phase 2, single-center, prospective, double-masked, randomized controlled trial conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Participants are randomized by a 3:1 allocation ratio to immediate and deferred disclosure groups and followed for 12 months. Skin, ocular, and serum carotenoid status, as well as nutritional and social surveys, are assessed at study visits. Skin carotenoid assessment is by resonance Raman spectroscopy and reflectance spectroscopy, ocular carotenoids are measured with Heidelberg Spectralis autofluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO), and serum carotenoids are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary outcome evaluates changes in skin carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. The secondary outcomes examine changes in ocular and serum carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. Also, we will correlate AMD genetic risk with base
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