The screening analysis of demographic and clinical factors showed that only age and cognitive reserve differed significantly between groups with and without impaired OC, showing that the patients with objective cognitive deficit were older and had lower cognitive reserve than those without this deficit. No significant differences were found between patients with and without impaired OC in perception of cognitive deficit.
The final logistic regression model explained 10.3% of the variance. Only cognitive reserve reached statistical significance, being inversely related to the impairment in OC , the greater the cognitive reserve, the lesser the alteration in OC. All other variables, including age, were not significant .Significant differences were found in the screening analysis of predicting factors between groups of participants with and without deficits in SC.
The final logistic regression model explained 38% of the variance. Female gender , and PTSD symptomatology emerged as potential predictors of perception of cognitive deficit. All other variables, including depression and anxiety symptoms, were not significant .In the current study, one out of three critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffered deficits in OC one year after ICU discharge. Moreover, about 30% of the sample also showed clinically significant difficulties in SC.
The results regarding the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in non-COVID-19 ICU survivors in previous literature are heterogenous. While Brück et al. [] found an incidence of cognitive impairment one year after discharge of 16%, the BRAIN-ICU study, which explores a large cohort of medical patients after ICU discharge, showed that one third of ICU survivors experienced impairments in global cognition and executive functions [].
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