] and were counterbalanced based on gender and age group . Names were drawn from the 1990 US census and were counterbalanced for frequency of use in the US population. The presentation order was pseudo-randomized such that no more than four faces of identical gender or age group were presented successively.
The recognition test consisted of 200 trials, with each face/face-name pair tested once. The whole test lasted approximately 45 minutes. Out of the 200 trials, 120 contained faces presented during the encoding, and 80 were novel faces . Foil faces were balanced for age and gender similarly to the encoded material. For each recognition trial, a face was presented on the screen, at the same size and location as presented during encoding.
Two distinct d-prime sensitivity memory measures were computed based on the recognition test. Item memory performance was quantified by subtracting the standardized false alarm rate for the faces from the standardized hit rate for previously encoded faces . Associative memory was quantified by subtracting the standardized lure rate from the standardized hit rate of the face-name pairs .].
Trait-like episodic memory function was measured by a composite score that consisted of short-delay and long-delay free recall scores of both the California Verbal Learning Test [
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DGH-GO: dissecting the genetic heterogeneity of complex diseases using gene ontology - BMC BioinformaticsBackground Complex diseases such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) exhibit multiple etiologies. The multi-etiological nature of complex-diseases emerges from distinct but functionally similar group of genes. Different diseases sharing genes of such groups show related clinical outcomes that further restrict our understanding of disease mechanisms, thus, limiting the applications of personalized medicine approaches to complex genetic disorders. Results Here, we present an interactive and user-friendly application, called DGH-GO. DGH-GO allows biologists to dissect the genetic heterogeneity of complex diseases by stratifying the putative disease-causing genes into clusters that may contribute to distinct disease outcome development. It can also be used to study the shared etiology of complex-diseases. DGH-GO creates a semantic similarity matrix for the input genes by using Gene Ontology (GO). The resultant matrix can be visualized in 2D plots using different dimension reduction methods (T-SNE, Principal component analysis, umap and Principal coordinate analysis). In the next step, clusters of functionally similar genes are identified from genes functional similarities assessed through GO. This is achieved by employing four different clustering methods (K-means, Hierarchical, Fuzzy and PAM). The user may change the clustering parameters and explore their effect on stratification immediately. DGH-GO was applied to genes disrupted by rare genetic variants in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients. The analysis confirmed the multi-etiological nature of ASD by identifying four clusters of genes that were enriched for distinct biological mechanisms and clinical outcome. In the second case study, the analysis of genes shared by different NDDs showed that genes causing multiple disorders tend to aggregate in similar clusters, indicating a possible shared etiology. Conclusion DGH-GO is a user-friendly application that allows biologists to study the multi-etiological natu
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »
Eli Lilly's Alzheimer's Drug Shows Greatest Benefit YetEli Lilly announced encouraging results from its latest study of its Alzheimer’s drug candidate, donanemab. In the Phase 3 study, people receiving donanemab experienced 35% slower cognitive decline than people receiving placebo
Source: TIME - 🏆 93. / 53 Read more »
New Alzheimer's treatment slows decline by 35% as experts hail 'beginning of end' for disease💬 “Hugely significant moment for dementia research' The world is “on the cusp” of the first generation of treatments for Alzheimer’s disease after a new drug was found to slow decline in the brain’s capabilities, experts said
Source: i newspaper - 🏆 8. / 89 Read more »
New drug can reduce Alzheimer's disease symptoms by up to 35%The drugs are groundbreaking for those suffering with Alzheimer's but they aren't without their shortfalls.
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Face mask recommendations in schools did not impact COVID-19 incidence among 10–12-year-olds in Finland – joinpoint regression analysis - BMC Public HealthBackground In autumn 2021 in Finland, a recommendation to use face masks was implemented nationwide in schools for pupils ages 12 years and above. While national guidelines were in form of recommendations, cities implemented mandatory masking in schools. Some cities extended this mandate for younger pupils as well. Our aim was to compare COVID-19 incidence among 10–12-year-olds between cities with different recommendations on the use of face masks in schools. Methods COVID-19 case numbers, defined as positive laboratory verified SARS-CoV-2 test results, were obtained from the National Infectious Disease Registry (NIDR) of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, Turku and Tampere were selected for comparison since the baseline COVID-19 incidence in the cities had been similar in August and September 2021. Helsinki and Tampere implemented the national recommendation on face mask use at schools, while Turku extended this to include those 10 years old and above, starting from the beginning of semester in early August. Age groups of 7–9-year-olds, 10–12-year-olds and 30–49-year-olds were included in the statistical analysis and moving averages of 14-day incidences per 100 000 inhabitants were used as a dependent variable. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average percent changes (APC) and average daily percent changes (ADPC) in the 14-day incidences. Differences in the ADPC values between the cities were compared in one-month periods. We also calculated cumulative incidences from the beginning of August to the end of November in the cities by age group. Results In August, the ADPC was highest in Turku (3.9) and lowest in Tampere (2.0), while in September, the ADPC was highest in Turku (-0.3) and lowest in Helsinki (-3.2) among 10–12-year-olds. In October, the ADPC was highest in Helsinki (2.1) and lowest in Turku (-0.2) and in November, the ADPC was highest in Turku (4.1) and lowest in Tampere (-0.5) among 10–12-year-olds. We also calculated cumul
Source: medical_xpress - 🏆 101. / 51 Read more »