]. Together, gut microbiota analysis, metabolomics, and NP we can be used to conduct in-depth research on the anti-AD effects of ICA.
In this study, the Morris Water Maze test and hematoxylin–eosin staining were used to assess the impact of ICA on cognitive performance and histopathological changes in APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, 16 s rRNA analysis was used to examine the changes in the gut microbiota of APP/PS1 mice, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry -based untargeted metabolomics was used to determine the regulatory effects of ICA on the metabolic profiles of the serum and fecal samples of APP/PS1 mice.
]. The sections were then HE stained and sealed with neutral gum. Finally, the sections were observed and photographed under an optical microscope.A minimum of 5 fecal pellets were retrieved from the rectum of each mouse , placed in a sterile conical tube, and stored at − 80 °C until further analysis.]. Briefly, the samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification, after which the amplicons were purified and subjected to paired-end sequencing and the raw data was evaluated.
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Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis - BMC CancerBackground Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and, therefore, is a tightly regulated process. Deregulation of apoptosis signalling can favour carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibitor 5 (Api5), an inhibitor of apoptosis, is upregulated in cancers. Interestingly, Api5 is shown to regulate both apoptosis and cell proliferation. To address the precise functional significance of Api5 in carcinogenesis here we investigate the role of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. Methods Initially, we carried out in silico analyses using TCGA and GENT2 datasets to understand expression pattern of API5 in breast cancer patients followed by investigating the protein expression in Indian breast cancer patient samples. To investigate the functional importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis, we utilised MCF10A 3D breast acinar cultures and spheroid cultures of malignant breast cells with altered Api5 expression. Various phenotypic and molecular changes induced by altered Api5 expression were studied using these 3D culture models. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity studies were used to confirm the importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis. Results In-silico analysis revealed elevated levels of Api5 transcript in breast cancer patients which correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of Api5 in non-tumorigenic breast acinar cultures resulted in increased proliferation and cells exhibited a partial EMT-like phenotype with higher migratory potential and disruption in cell polarity. Furthermore, during acini development, the influence of Api5 is mediated via the combined action of FGF2 activated PDK1-Akt/cMYC signalling and Ras-ERK pathways. Conversely, Api5 knock-down downregulated FGF2 signalling leading to reduced proliferation and diminished in vivo tumorigenic potential of the breast cancer cells. Conclusion Taken together, our study identifies Api5 as a central player involved in regulating multiple events during breast carcinogenesis includi
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »