By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDMay 2 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM Air pollution poses a present and growing danger to physical and mental health. A new review paper published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine shows strong associations between air pollution and poor perinatal health, especially postpartum depression and stress.
Biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors have all been thought to play a role in the genesis of postpartum psychosis. Such genes include CLOCK-BMAL, CRY1, and CRY2. A delay in circadian rhythms could affect the success of breastfeeding. Again, air pollution could modulate oxytocin release, which is critical in maternal-infant bonding and breastfeeding. Its anti-inflammatory effects are just as valuable, inhibiting depression-induced inhibition of biological functions.
PM2.5 is also known to be directly neurotoxic. Such effects could also be caused secondary to chronic injury to the peripheral parts of the body, reflecting as skull marrow changes that produce sustained brain inflammation. Immune dysregulation is another outcome of hyper-inflammation in women with perinatal PPD.
What did the study show? The researchers included nine studies in their review. Most of them focused on tracing a link between air pollution exposure and postpartum depression risk. PBDE levels were related in a dose-responsive way to the severity of depression. These substances are ubiquitous, emitted from car interiors, firefighting foams, and textiles. The molecules of interest included BDE-4 and perfluorooctanoate , and perfluorooctane sulfonate .
PM10 and sulfur dioxide may also be linked to PPD, pending further validation. Contradictory findings were reported regarding ozone, probably because this chemical's concentration and toxic effects vary with the temperature and climatic factors.
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