An immune-centric approach to regenerative medicine Regenerative medicine is a promising research area that focuses on restoring and repairing diseased or damaged cells, tissue, or organs. It is a branch of medicine comprising tissue engineering and regenerative strategies, such as generating and using therapeutic stem cells, tissue engineering, and producing artificial organs.
An immune-centric approach to regenerative medicine The gold standard method in regenerative medicine is autografting . This technique is not without problems, especially, but not exclusively, the rejection of the graft. The problems encountered here have encouraged the search for alternative methods. One avenue is that of our immune system.
The immune response comprises both innate and adaptive immunity. A whole host of molecules play a part. Here we will briefly recap some of the main molecules. First to consider innate immunity and this response is the body’s first line of defense against foreign invaders. Innate immunity comprises macrophages and neutrophils, among other molecules. In addition to engulfing foreign objects, these cells stimulate the inflammatory response.
Biomaterials, immunity, and regenerative medicine Biomaterials, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, are foreign objects to the human body, and so, like autografting, pose a risk of rejection. This may be heightened when such materials are put to work independently, as in the case of metallic implants.
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Activation of telomerase by TA-65 enhances immunity and reduces inflammation post myocardial infarction - GeroScienceMyocardial infarction (MI) accelerates immune ageing characterised by lymphopenia, expansion of terminally differentiated CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CD8+ TEMRA) and inflammation. Pre-clinical data showed that TA-65, an oral telomerase activator, reduced immune ageing and inflammation after MI. We conducted a double blinded randomised controlled pilot trial evaluating the use of TA-65 to reduce immune cell ageing in patients following MI. Ninety MI patients aged over 65 years were randomised to either TA-65 (16 mg daily) or placebo for 12 months. Peripheral blood leucocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. The pre-defined primary endpoint was the proportion of CD8+ T-lymphocytes which were CD8+ TEMRA after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Median age of participants was 71 years. Proportions of CD8+ TEMRA did not differ after 12 months between treatment groups. There was a significant increase in mean total lymphocyte count in the TA-65 group after 12 months (estimated treatment effect: + 285 cells/μl (95% CI: 117–452 cells/ μ l, p | 0.004), driven by significant increases from baseline in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. No increase in lymphocyte populations was seen in the placebo group. At 12 months, hsCRP was 62% lower in the TA-65 group compared to placebo (1.1 vs. 2.9 mg/L). Patients in the TA-65 arm experienced significantly fewer adverse events (130 vs. 185, p = 0.002). TA-65 did not alter CD8+ TEMRA but increased all major lymphocyte subsets and reduced hsCRP in elderly patients with MI after 12 months.
Source: medical_xpress - 🏆 101. / 51 Read more »
FIPRESCI: droplet microfluidics based combinatorial indexing for massive-scale 5′-end single-cell RNA sequencing - Genome BiologySingle-cell RNA sequencing methods focusing on the 5′-end of transcripts can reveal promoter and enhancer activity and efficiently profile immune receptor repertoire. However, ultra-high-throughput 5′-end single-cell RNA sequencing methods have not been described. We introduce FIPRESCI, 5′-end single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA-Seq, enabling massive sample multiplexing and increasing the throughput of the droplet microfluidics system by over tenfold. We demonstrate FIPRESCI enables the generation of approximately 100,000 single-cell transcriptomes from E10.5 whole mouse embryos in a single-channel experiment, and simultaneous identification of subpopulation differences and T cell receptor signatures of peripheral blood T cells from 12 cancer patients.
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »