]. Also, there is a knowledge gap as to how triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol relate with a condition with systemic implications as periodontitis in a sex-specific manner. Of note, the threshold value of single factors, like serum glucose and arterial BP, for the diagnosis of MetS is lower than what is required to define the corresponding pathologic condition, namely diabetes and hypertension.
The present study aimed to answer the clinical question whether adult individuals who were comparable in terms of potentially confounding factors exposed to at least one MetS component were more likely to suffer from bleeding/non-bleeding periodontal diseases than individuals not exposed to the same factors , and whether the relation exhibited any sexual dimorphism.
Participants were not eligible to periodontal evaluation if at least one of the following exclusion criteria was present: < 5 natural teeth, history of congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, pacemaker or other artificial cardiac devices, bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic fever, kidney disease requiring dialysis, hemophilia, joint replacements, or malignancy; ongoing pregnancy and breastfeeding.
The extent of BoP was calculated as no. of bleeding sites/no. of probed sites .
In this study, only individuals aged 30 years and above were included, for consistency with previous literature [
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Associations between Avocado Intake and Lower Rates of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in US Adults with Hispanic/Latino AncestryBackground/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N=6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N=983) or non-consumers (N=5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N=656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI; “fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P=0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P=0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P=0.03; fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P=0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P=0.65; fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P=0.50). In models which additionally contro
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