Women are more likely than men to develop Alzheimer's disease , with women making up two-thirds of the population living with AD. A new study, led by Mass General Brigham researchers, sheds light on the relationship between the risk of Alzheimer's disease and age of menopause and use of hormone therapy .
Premature menopause, defined as menopause that occurs spontaneously before the age of 40 or due to surgical intervention before the age of 45, has been associated with increased risk of AD dementia.
"When it comes to hormone therapy, timing is everything," said co-author JoAnn Manson, MD, MPH, DrPH, one of the lead investigators of the WHI and chief of the Division of Preventive Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system.
As expected, women had greater levels of tau compared to men of the same age, especially in cases where they also had elevated β-amyloid. But the researchers also found that the association between abnormal levels of β-amyloid and tau was much stronger in women who had earlier menopause onset, even after adjusting for known causes of, such as smoking and oophorectomy, and even genetic risk factors for AD dementia.
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