]. Accurate prognostic information is essential to co-ordinate and manage care in response to need, whilst avoiding burdensome and unnecessary interventions. The early recognition that a person may be dying is central to all the priorities for improving peoples’ experience of care in the last days and hours of life. This is the first study to use a metabolomics approach to investigate the dying process in the last weeks of life.
Using HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of urine, which provides a non-invasive matrix, we discovered VOCs that could be potential prognostic biomarkers for patients dying with lung cancer. These VOCs could be used as a tool to provide additional prognostic information to help inform expert clinician judgement and subsequent decision making.The study was conducted at 6 hospital and hospice sites in the North West of England from June 2016 to September 2018.
]. All participants had incurable disease. Participant clinical characteristics were collected. TNM staging data were not collected in this study as these are used at cancer diagnosis to predict 5-year survival and guide clinician treatment.Each participant donated a 5 mL urine sample in a glass container twice a week, if possible. For those participants with a urinary catheter , the urine was collected using a sterile needle and syringe from the catheter port.
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