Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. The risk is even higher for women as they face disparities in CVD management, including delayed diagnosis and lack of guideline-directed treatment. However, prevention and risk reduction of atherosclerotic CVD are possible through proper primary care facilities.
Mediterranean diet The Mediterranean diet is a well-established dietary intervention to prevent cardiovascular and metabolic events. The diet is known to reduce the risk of CVD and myocardial infarction by 30%. Tirzepatide, an FDA-approved anti-diabetic medicine, has been found to reduce body weight by more than 20%. This medicine is a combination of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and GLP1-RA. However, a common trend of weight regain has been observed with the discontinuation of anti-obesity medicines.
The American Diabetes Association recommends GLP1-RA or sodium-glucose cotransport-2 inhibitor medicines for diabetes management of patients at high risk for or with clinically-diagnosed cardiovascular or kidney disease. These medicines are also effective for CVD management in patients without diabetes.
Prevention of CVD with aspirin Low-dose aspirin is a well-established intervention for the secondary prevention of CVD. However, the intervention is not recommended for primary prevention, given the risk of bleeding. Primary prevention with low-dose aspirin is particularly not recommended for patients aged over 60 years.
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