Evidence of transgenerational effects on autism spectrum disorder using multigenerational space-time cluster detection - International Journal of Health Geographics

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Risk of autism associated with when and where forebears lived

The study has several strengths, most relating to the high data integrity and the richness of the records, allowing investigators to place individuals in pedigrees, and throughout space and time. The dataset allows us to link family members over space and time at different vulnerable developmental windows and has been key to identifying space-time clustering. The rich location data within the records provide sufficient information to include thousands of records.

Additionally, we used only clinically diagnosed ASD case children to create our family pedigrees. While keeping our ASD cases defined by clinical diagnosis, we used a broad statewide dataset, as opposed to limiting the study to a specific county or regional jurisdiction. This decision was made to ensure the study included both rural and urban residential locations over space and time.

 

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Evaluating the Evidence for Brain-Based Biotypes of Psychiatric Vulnerability in the Acute Aftermath of TraumaObjective: The weak link between subjective symptom-based diagnostic methods for posttraumatic psychopathology and objectively measured neurobiological indices forms a barrier to the development of effective personalized treatments. To overcome this problem, recent studies have aimed to stratify psychiatric disorders by identifying consistent subgroups based on objective neural markers. Along these lines, a promising 2021 study by Stevens et al. identified distinct brain-based biotypes associated with different longitudinal patterns of posttraumatic symptoms. Here, the authors conducted a conceptual nonexact replication of that study using a comparable data set from a multimodal longitudinal study of recent trauma survivors. Methods: A total of 130 participants (mean age, 33.61 years, SD=11.21; 48% women) admitted to a general hospital emergency department following trauma exposure underwent demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging assessments 1, 6, and 14 months after trauma. All analyses followed the pipeline outlined in the original study and were conducted in collaboration with its authors. Results: Task-based functional MRI conducted 1 month posttrauma was used to identify four clusters of individuals based on profiles of neural activity reflecting threat and reward reactivity. These clusters were not identical to the previously identified brain-based biotypes and were not associated with prospective symptoms of posttraumatic psychopathology. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that the original brain-based biotypes of trauma resilience and psychopathology may not generalize to other populations. Thus, caution is warranted when attempting to define subtypes of psychiatric vulnerability using neural indices before treatment implications can be fully realized. Additional replication studies are needed to identify more stable and generalizable neuroimaging-based biotypes of posttraumatic psychopathology.
Source: medical_xpress - 🏆 101. / 51 Read more »

NI Health: Unions withhold evidence to Pay Review BodyTwo of the biggest health unions in Northern Ireland, unisontheunion and nipsa, have said they will not give evidence to a Pay Review Body, questioning its independence unisontheunion nipsa Pay rise or we rise ✊️
Source: BBCNewsNI - 🏆 95. / 52 Read more »