Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro - BMC Biology

]. Viral titers were determined by 50% tissue culture infectious dose titration. The virus isolation has been approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen . HSV-1-ΔgE-GFP was generated and described [

] by the laboratory of Prof. David C Johnson . With Prof. Johnson’s written permission, we received the virus from Prof. Hartmut Hengel .The herbal infusions were prepared by boiling up 15 g of fresh herbal leaves in 100 ml of water and subsequent simmering at 60 °C for 2 h. The infusions were stored overnight at 4 °C before the leaves were removed and the aqueous solutions were sterile-filtered . Afterwards, the herbal infusions were stored in aliquots at − 80 °C.

LC–MS was conducted using an UltiMate 3000 RSLCnano ProFlow UPLC system operated by Chromeleon Client 6.80 and online-coupled to a Q Exactive HF MS operated by Tune application 2.8 SP1 and Thermo Scientific Xcalibur 3.0.63 . Employed solvents were LC–MS grade or higher . In total, 825 ng of tryptic peptides per LC–MS injection was analyzed. Samples were loaded on a trapping column for 3 min in 0.1% TFA at a flow rate of 30 µl/min.

The UPLC system was coupled to the Q Exactive HF MS via a NSI Source . Coated emitters and a static voltage of 1.8 kV were applied for electrospray ionization, and ion transfer tube temperature was set to 250 °C. The MS was operated in data-dependent acquisition mode at positive polarity; all spectra were acquired in profile mode with survey scans acquired at a resolution of 60,000 followed by 15 MS/MS scans at a resolution of 15,000 .

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Predictive model for long COVID in children 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test - BMC MedicineBackground To update and internally validate a model to predict children and young people (CYP) most likely to experience long COVID (i.e. at least one impairing symptom) 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and to determine whether the impact of predictors differed by SARS-CoV-2 status. Methods Data from a nationally matched cohort of SARS-CoV-2 test-positive and test-negative CYP aged 11–17 years was used. The main outcome measure, long COVID, was defined as one or more impairing symptoms 3 months after PCR testing. Potential pre-specified predictors included SARS-CoV-2 status, sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation, quality of life/functioning (five EQ-5D-Y items), physical and mental health and loneliness (prior to testing) and number of symptoms at testing. The model was developed using logistic regression; performance was assessed using calibration and discrimination measures; internal validation was performed via bootstrapping and the final model was adjusted for overfitting. Results A total of 7139 (3246 test-positives, 3893 test-negatives) completing a questionnaire 3 months post-test were included. 25.2% (817/3246) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positives and 18.5% (719/3893) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negatives had one or more impairing symptoms 3 months post-test. The final model contained SARS-CoV-2 status, number of symptoms at testing, sex, age, ethnicity, physical and mental health, loneliness and four EQ-5D-Y items before testing. Internal validation showed minimal overfitting with excellent calibration and discrimination measures (optimism-adjusted calibration slope: 0.96575; C-statistic: 0.83130). Conclusions We updated a risk prediction equation to identify those most at risk of long COVID 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test which could serve as a useful triage and management tool for CYP during the ongoing pandemic. External validation is required before large-scale implementation.
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »

Prevalence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological coping mechanisms for anxiety management during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigating the transition to online learning among medical students - BMC PsychiatryBackground The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a devastating effect on college students worldwide. Here, the authors aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and its related coping strategies, provide a theoretical basis for understanding self-prescription, and identify the factors contributing to stress and anxiety in medical students during the pandemic. Methods The authors conducted a cross-sectional study among medical students in Saudi Arabia from September to November 2020. They assessed anxiety using the GAD-7 scale based on seven core symptoms. The authors also examined perceived psychological stress using a single-item measure of stress, the factors contributing to stress during the transition to online learning and examinations, and related coping strategies. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to examine the data for both descriptive and inferential analyses. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and univariate linear regression were used to test the research hypotheses. Results The authors collected and analyzed data from 7116 medical students distributed across 38 medical colleges. Among them, 40% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. Pre-clinical and female students experienced more stress than clinical and male students. 12.19% (n = 868) of respondents reported using medication during their college years. Among those, 58.9% (n = 512) had moderate to severe anxiety, and the most commonly used drug was propranolol (45.4%, n = 394). Among the studied sample, 40.4% (n = 351) decreased their medication use after switching to online teaching. Most students used these medications during the final exam (35.8%, n = 311) and before the oral exam (35.5%, n = 308). In terms of coping strategies, males were much more likely to use substances than females, who mainly resorted to other strategies. Conclusions This study provides a national overview of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of medical s
Source: BioMedCentral - 🏆 22. / 71 Read more »