Use of a glycomics array to establish the anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoire in type 1 diabetes - Nature Communications

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Antibodies to common antibiotic possible new risk factor for type 1 diabetes MCG_AUG NatureComms

, continuous variables were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests; categorical variables were compared using χ2 tests. Linear regression was used to estimate mean anti-glycan antibody levels. Covariates included age, sex, HLA type, and FDR status. ROC curves were visualized using the “pROC” package. Partial r-squared was calculated from the “rsq” package. Radar/spider plots were generated using the “fmsb” package.

, a greedy algorithm which optimizes the modularity parameter. This method is widely used to cluster single cell sequencing data as well, where there is much sparsity, similar to our ACA dataset.We analyzed ACAs in community clusters rather than individual models for ACAs against each glycan since many of the glycans were in functionally similar classes with overlapping structure. Therefore, ACAs against related structures would not be statistically independent from one another.

$$\begin{array}{c}Cluster\,FPC \sim Disease\,Status+Sex+First\,Degree\,Relative\,Status\\ \,+\,HLA\,Risk+Age\,of\,Blood\,Draw\ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots \end{array}$$

 

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physorg_com MCG_AUG NatureComms . To prevent the cascade of preterm birth, risk of sepsis, treatment with aminoglycosides antibiotics, such as gentamicin, followed by type 1 diabetes, maternal exposure to environmental pollutants, gut microbiome health and nocturnal melatonin production need to be addressed. .

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