By Bhavana KunkalikarNov 21 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in Frontiers in Immunology, researchers assessed the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells in the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer .
CAR T-cell treatment is a personalized immunotherapy based on autologous or allogeneic synthetic CAR-expressing T-cells that have been genetically engineered. The CAR molecule consists of extracellular binding moieties, either a tumor-specific antigen -sensing element or a single-chain fragment variable derived from an antibody. There is also a transmembrane anchor combined with signaling domains of the T-cell-receptor zeta chain complex and costimulatory molecules like CD28 and 4-1BB.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule One of the first preclinical investigations studied the lethal impacts of epithelial cell adhesion molecules -directed CAR T-cells. Normal epithelial cells express EpCAM, a transmembrane glycoprotein, on their surface. Its overexpression is linked to enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis.
Studies have also found that engineered cells that express a CAR that is capable of binding a fluorescein isothiocyanate molecule improved the ability of CAR T-cells to treat mice with estimated glomerular filtration rate -positive CRC tumors. In an immunocompromised mouse model, unique interactions between anti-FITC CAR T-cells and FITC-labeled cetuximab slowed the progression of colon cancer.
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