Left: Fquasie, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons. Right: hockadilly, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia CommonsSince 1964, the global production of plastics has increased 20-fold. Every year, approximately 13 million tons of plastic waste contaminate our oceans, with at least 5.25 trillion individual plastic particles estimated to be circulating in the oceans worldwide.
Many biochemical substances , as well as colonies of bacteria, present in the surrounding seawater can bind and become associated with the surface of microplastics, forming sticky biofilms . These biofilm-covered microplastics therefore have the potential to transport a possibly diverse range of pathogenic bacteria, fungi or algae, which could increase the transmission ranges of these pathogens and have a significant impact on human and animal health.
They focused on the pathogens Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia enterica, not only because they’re important disease-causing pathogens in humans and animals, but also due to evidence of their long-term persistence in seawater and their global prevalence in commercial shellfish. When observed under a light microscope, it appeared that T. gondii was indeed associating with the microplastic particles within the sticky biofilm, suggesting that biofilm formation of plastic debris is an important mediator of pathogen-microplastic association.
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