Among live-born neonates born at periviable gestational ages in the US, did the frequency of active treatment change from 2014 to 2020, and did that change vary by maternal race and ethnicity?In this serial cross-sectional study of 61 908 singleton neonates without clinical anomalies born alive between 22 weeks 0 days and 25 weeks 6 days, the frequency of active treatment increased significantly from 2014 to 2020 .
Year of delivery, gestational age at birth, and race and ethnicity of the pregnant individual, stratified as non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latina, and non-Hispanic White.Active treatment, determined by whether there was an attempt to treat the neonate and defined as a composite of surfactant therapy, immediate assisted ventilation at birth, assisted ventilation more than 6 hours in duration, and/or antibiotic therapy.