Xia & He Publishing Inc.Jul 25 2024 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately 38% of the global population from 2016 to 2019. NAFLD is characterized by the accumulation of fat in at least 5% of hepatocytes, and its severity ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis , which can further progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Epigenetic regulation of HSC activation Epigenetic regulation is a key mechanism in the fibrogenic activation of HSCs, influencing gene activity without altering the DNA coding sequence. This regulation is stable and heritable, even after the causative factor is removed. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs .
Histone modifications and chromatin remodeling Post-translational histone modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, also play a significant role in regulating gene expression during HSC activation. These modifications influence chromatin structure, making DNA more or less accessible to transcription factors.
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