N95 respirators potential standard of care in nursing homes and healthcare settings during respiratory viral infections

By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaJun 4 2024Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in eBioMedicine, researchers examined the efficiency of surgical masks, fabric masks, N95 respirators, and KN95 respirators in lowering the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral loads in the exhaled breath aerosol samples of coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

About the study The present study researchers evaluated whether KN95 and N95 respirators outperformed fabric and surgical masks as source controls for SARS-CoV-2. The researchers calculated the SARS-CoV-2 viral load using ribonucleic acid copy numbers acquired from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction . They sequenced the genome using swab samples of the middle turbinate. They evaluated two aerosol sizes, i.e., small and coarse , combining them to determine the total EBA.

All mask types dramatically decreased viral road in aerosols and overall EBA, with SCF above 70. Duckbill N95 respirators outperformed other mask types concerning total EBA, fine-sized, and coarse aerosols. They decreased the inhaled viral load by 98% and surpassed KN95 respirators, as well as surgical and fabric masks that did not need training or fit testing. Cloth masks outperformed surgical masks and KN95, reducing virus loads by 87%, 74%, and 71%, respectively.

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